TCP/IP Addressing

Protocol:

Set of Rules to follow to have proper communication.

Network Protocols:

• TCP/IP         (Department of Defence)
• IPx/SPx        (Novell)
• Appletalk     (Apple)
• Netbios        (Microsoft)
• OSI              (ISO)

FIG: 1 

Protocol in simple we can it as a language used between two computer devices, lets take an example if we don't know the langue can we communicate ? we cant communicate right  !!

In olden days computers also if they want to communicate with each other they have a own set set of language (protocol) for communication like microsoft devices used netbios, Apple machines uses Apple talk Like that .

But later TCP Was made a standard set of language shuld support every device .

If you are using apple/ xp/7/8/10 they should support TCP/IP protocol for communication.

because Internet we can say internet was completely built based on the TCP/IP protocol so that TCP/IP made as a standard.

What is TCP/IP .

1. TCP/IP is a standard protocol used between computers and networking devices for communication.
2. Internet work based in TCP/IP 

FIG:2

TCP/IP Addressing :

•   IP address is a logical address given to each and every device in the network.
•   IP address used to identify specific device in the network.

Two Version of IP.

• IP Version 4 (32bit)
• IP version 6 (128bit)

FIG:3

IP address in simple we can as a name of the computer as we humans to identify us we have our own individual names right ? in network also to identify the devices will give some name that name here reffered as IP address.

Without giving the name we cannot identify our selfs same thing happens on Network aswell.

we have two different type of versions 

IPV4   and IPV6

IPv4 is a 32 bit address written in decimal Format .

which supports 2^32 4.3billion address it support.

but some how in 1990's they came to know that one day were we will get the shortage of ip address what we have because the growth of internet, growing very high speed and every indivudial will connect to internet so in 1999 june they have tested and implemented new version called. IPV6 which is 128 bit address written in HexaDecimal Format 

which support 2^128 address  2.3*10^8 address it supports so every user can go to internet with saperate ip address

and also parlally they have came up with something called NAT and Subnetting Concepts. Because of this still we are serviving with IPV4 in 2020. i can say that this was hiding IPV6

lets take an example.

Before NAT if we have 1000 users if they want to go to internet they need to have 1000 public ip address 

But After Introduction of NAT 60,000 users can to internet by using one single public IP address.